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Cooking ingredients

1 bay leaf

salt and freshly ground black pepper

100g/3½oz fresh white breadcrumbs

2.5cm/1in cinnamon stick

3–4 cloves

5–6 cloves

1 tbsp coriander seeds

½ tsp coriander seeds, crushed

1 tsp curry powder

1 tsp fennel seeds

1 tbsp olive oil

1 tbsp olive oil

1 tsp sweet paprika

½ tsp black peppercorns

8 peppercorns

1 tbsp pine nuts

salt, to taste

1 star anise

1 tsp ground turmeric