Charles' coronation as King of Scots was held at St Giles accompanied by an Anglican service. This act served as a stark warning to Scots Presbyterians of what the future was to hold.
Under royal decree, Charles' new Anglican Prayer book is ordered to be read out in Scotland. Widespread riots break out due to fears that the book is popish.
In response to Charles' religious reforms Archibald Johnstone of Wariston and Alexander Henderson draft the National Covenant - a new Presbyterian agreement between God and the Scottish people. Within days thousands of common people have signed it.
Charles marches a make-shift army north. The Covenanter army seizes Newcastle cutting supplies of coal to London. Charles is forced to negotiate with the Scots and agrees to pay their large expenses. To finance the settlement he is forced to call his first Parliament in eleven years.
The fractious relationship between Charles and his English Parliament erupts into conflict as both sides raise armies. Charles raises his standard at Nottingham. The English Parliament negotiates to gain the support of the Covenanters.
Fearing capture by the English forces Charles surrenders to the Covenanters at Newark. He is taken to Newcastle and the Covenanters try to persuade him to sign the National Covenant. Charles refuses and is handed over to the English Parliament.
From their heartland in southern Scotland hardline Covenanters, known as Protesters, seize control of Edinburgh in a period that comes to be known as The Rule of the Saints.
After refusing to recognise the legitimacy of the court during his trial, Charles is found guilty of treason and executed. In Scotland his son is declared Charles II, King of Scots.
The arrival of Charles II prompts Cromwell's forces to invade Scotland. Defeat at Dunbar sees Scotland conquered and incorporated into Cromwell's Protectorate state. Thousands of Scots are transported as slaves to the colonies.
After the death of Cromwell, the Protectorate regime collapsed and amid wild popular jubilation Charles II was confirmed as King of England, Ireland and Scotland. Charles, however, was rumoured to be a Catholic, and supported the Anglican policies of his father.
Tasked with cracking down on outdoor religious services called conventicles John Graham of Claverhouse attempts to dissolve the Drumclog conventicle. Battled ensues and Graham is defeated.
Charles II dies without legitimate heir and his brother James II, James VII of Scotland, becomes king. James' Catholicism causes fear and worry to English Protestants and Scottish Presbyterians alike.
William lands a large Dutch force in Brixham, Devon. Defeated and captured, James VII is allowed to escape to France. Parliament states that with this act James has abdicated and William and his Stuart wife, Mary, are declared King and Queen. The Scots are not consulted.
