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On 6th August, the space probe Rosetta ends its 10 year journey and arrives at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. If all goes well, Rosetta will be the first spacecraft to go into orbit around a comet. The European Space Agency probe will then accompany the comet until December 2015, studying the 4 kilometre-wide lump of ice and rock dust at a level of detail far surpassing any previous comet flyby.

In the words of Rosetta scientist Joel Parker, 鈥淧revious comet missions have been one-night stands, Rosetta will be there for a long term relationship.鈥�

Rosetta will stay with 67P as it heads towards and around the other side of the Sun. Rosetta will be watching everything at close quarters as the comet heats up and produces the classic gas and dust comet tail.

In the final weeks of approach, the Rosetta team have realised this is going to be an even more interesting mission than they had supposed. In the middle of July, the probe鈥檚 camera revealed the bizzare shape of the comet鈥檚 nucleus. It appears to be formed of two objects joined together. Some have described it as having the shape of a toy duck.

In November, Rosetta will send a small robot lander, Philae, down onto the comet鈥檚 surface 鈥� another hugely ambitious feat, given the feeble gravitational pull of the comet and its complex shape. Philae could bounce off into the void if its trajectory is not quite true and its on-board harpoons fail to secure it to the comet鈥檚 icy surface.

Discovery looks ahead to the mission鈥檚 key moments and big science questions with planetary scientists and members of the Rosetta science team:

Professor Ian Wright - principal investigator (PI) for the lander鈥檚 Ptolemy instrument,
Professor Monica Grady - planetary scientist at the Open University, UK.
Matt Taylor, project scientist on Rosetta
Dr Joel Parker - deputy PI for Rosetta鈥檚 Alice spectrometer
Dr Holger Sierks - principal investigator for Rosetta鈥檚 Osiris camera
Dr Stephan Ulamec - project scientist for the lander Philae (German Space Agency)

The big questions for Rosetta include: did comets bring water and the essential ingredients for life to the early Earth?

Presented and produced by Andrew Luck-Baker
Image Credit: Rosetta and Philae at Comet, European Space Agency